Black Hole Phenomenon :
Similarly, theorists found in the 1990's that if the universe was dominated by gravity, then so too would its internal structure be gravitationally dominated.
These theories of
singularity grew out of the study of black holes, which behave entirely
differently from black holes in our universe, where there is nothing left of
the matter that did not form the hole.
These black holes are
surrounded by a thin, spherical shell of matter that is completely black; in
our universe, however, the matter that formed the hole has slipped through,
leaving nothing there.
Some theorists argue
that if black holes exist in the universe, then the theory of gravity does,
too, and our theories might not be able to describe gravity accurately.
If black holes exist,
they might also be found; a relatively small hole near the galaxy NGC 4542
could be the theoretical model for the black hole's companion.
they might also be
called neutron stars, a neutron being an atomic nucleus with a small fraction
of an electron.
Interestingly, this same
basic theory could also explain holes in the magnetic realm – in fact, as
recently as 2013, a black hole has been found in the center of our own galaxy.
Scientists found the star's spin and orbit using pulsar surveys.Further, the black hole is relatively small: a bit bigger than a black hole in our own universe.
Other examples of unusual objects of the extraordinary nature of black holes are the stellar quasars.These are active star clusters that are lit by energy coming from collapsing black holes.
For instance, the
brightest quasar in our universe, called D3700, is a single star that is
starting to disintegrate into a black hole. The gravity of this object is so
strong, that it creates a pulsar at its center; this is the only pulsar in the
galaxy in which we have seen, and it shines brightly with electromagnetic
energy from the rotation.
The pulsar shines with
energy from the decay of carbon and oxygen gas, which was once part of the
original star.
Eventually, the pulsar
spins so fast that energy levels within it reach some kind of critical level,
turning the pulsar into a black hole.
One way to describe this
process is to imagine a disc of material circling a black hole.
Since this material
contains matter that used to be part of the black hole, the density at its
center will be higher than that of the surrounding material.
As this material spins
faster, the rate of energy loss increases. Eventually, this material would be drawn
into the black hole.
But in the case of
pulsars, the black hole cannot have previously existed, so the pulsar simply
escapes.
As the black hole spins,
it traps particles within the boundary between the inner and outer regions.
In particular, the quasar
contains a cavity at the center; the particles emitted from the pulsar orbit
through the circular hole and then pass back and forth.
Eventually raises the energy level inside the cavity, and
the electrons begin to flow in a circle, emitting magnetic radiation, producing
an output wave in the electromagnetic energy spectrum.
As we have seen, black
holes are not the only objects that can create holes in space – it is also
possible to create holes in the human body through the process of black hole
phrenology.
Depending on their size, black holes could only occupy a small part of the universe. If there were two black holes – one about the size of the sun, and another about twice its size –The Sun is a light bulb that is kept burning and heat produced by nuclear fusion at its core, which is a mixture of hydrogen and helium. Although the Sun is small, the magnetic field created by its radiation pressure can create a large, gas-filled torus around it that may be up to 25,000 km in diameter and about 1000 km in radius. Such a torus would reach through Earth's crust to the center of the Sun, if the Sun and the Earth were separated by just a couple of kilometres .
The hot gas is composed of highly electrically charged atomic nuclei. The magnetism from this magnetic field allows these atoms to attract one another without any friction, because the electric charges inside the atom repel each other.
The atoms can be either positively or negatively charged. There is one atom for each electric charge, with positive and negative charges being measured in micrograms (Mg2), and positive and negative charges increasing in intensity for ions that are larger. Therefore, magnetic fields can be created by charged atomic nuclei.
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